The Cell in Development and Inheritance

OBST. P.. "99. Untersuchungen liber das Verhalten der Nucleolen, etc. : Z. w. Z. LXVI., 2. — Ogata. "83. Die Veranderungen der Fancreas/.ellen bei der Secre- tion: A. A. P. — Oppel. A.. 92. Die Befruchtung des Reptilieneies : A. w. A. XXXIX.— Osterhout. W. J. V.. "97. f'ber Entstehung der karyoi<inetischen Spindel bei Equisetum : Jahrb. wiss. Bot.^ XXX. — Oltmanns. F.. '95. I'ber die Entwickelung der Sexualorgane bei VaucJieria: Flora. — Overtou. C. E.. "88. Uber den Conjugationsvorgang bei Spirogyra: Ber. deutsch. Bot. Ucs... X'l.^Id.. '89. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gattung Volvox : Bot. Ccntralb., XXXIX. — Id., "93. liber die Reduktion der Chromosomen in den Kernen der Pflanzen : / 'ierteljalirschr. iiatiirf. Ges. Zurich., XXXVIII. Also Ann. Bot.., VII., 25.

VIII. Rawitz. B.. '95. Centrosoma und Attraktionsphare in der ruhenden Zelle des Salamanderhodens : A. ;//. A., XLIV.. 4. —Id.. *97. Bemerkungen uber Mikrotomschneiden, etc.: A. A., XIII. — Reinke. Fr.. '94. Zellstudien, I., A. m. A., XLIII. : III., Ilmt., XLIV.. 1894. — Id.. '95. Untersuchungen liber Befruchtung und Furchung des Eies der Echinodermen : Sitz.-Ber. Akad. d. IViss. Berlin, 1895, June 20. — Reinke and Rodewald. "81. Studien liber das Proto- plasma: Untersiich. aiis. d. bot . Inst. Gotlmgen, II.— Remak. R.. '41. Uber Theilung rother Blutzellen beim Embryo: Med. Ver. Zeit., 1841. — Id., '50-'55., Untersuchungen liber die Entwicklung der Wirbelthiere : Berlin^ 1850-55. — Id., "58. Uber die Theilung der Blutzellen beim Embryo: Muller's Arch., 1858. — Retzius, G., '89. Die Intercellularbrlicken des Eierstockeies und der Follikelzellen : Verli. Anat. Ges., 1889. — Rhumbler. L., "93. Uber Entstehung und Bedeutung der in den Kernen vieler Protozoen und im Keimblaschen von Metazoen vorkom- menden Binnenkorper (Nucleolen) : Z. w. Z.. LVL — Id., '96. Versuch einer mechanischen Erklarung der indirekten Zell- und Kerntheilung : Arch. Entwm.^ in. — Id.. "97. Stemmen die Strahlen der Astrosphare oder ziehen sie? Arch. Eniivni., IV. — Rompel, '94. Kentrochona Nebaliee n. sp., ein neues Infusor aus der Familie der Spirochoninen. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Lehre von der Kern- teilung und dem Centrosoma : Z. w. Z., LVIII., 4. —Rosen, "92. Uber tinctionelle Unterscheidung verschiedener Kernbestandtheile und der Sexual-kerne : Cohn's Beitr. z. Biol. d. P/lanzen,V. — Id., *94. Neueres uber die Chromatophilie der Zellkerne : Schles. Ges. v'dterl. Kult., 1894. — Roux, 'W., ;83, 1. Uber die Bedeu- tung der Kernteilungsfiguren : Leipzig. — 16.., "83, 2. Uber die Zeit der Bestim- mung der Hauptrichtungen des Froschembryo : Leipzig. — Id., '85.

Uber die Bestimmung der Hauptrichtungen des Froschembryos im Ei, und liber die erste Theilung des Froscheies : Breslaner iirtzl. Zeitg., 1885.— Id., '87. Bestimmung der medianebene des Froschembryo durch die Kopulationsrichtung des Eikernes und des Spermakernes : A. in. A., XXIX. — Id., *88. Uber das klinstliche Hervor- bringen halber Embryonen durch Zerstorung einer der beiden ersten Furchungskugeln, etc.: Virchow's Archiv, \\\. — Id., '90. Die Entwickelungsmechanik der Organ- ismen. IVienjiSgo. — Id., '92, 1. Entwickelungsmechanik: Merkel and Bonjiet, Erg., II. — Id., '92, 2. tJber das entwickelungsmechanische Vermogen jeder der beiden ersten Furchungszellen des Eies: l/erh. Anat. Ges., VI. — Id., '93, 1. Uber Mosaikarbeit und neuere Entwickelungshypothesen : An. Hefte, Feb., 1893. — Id.. '93. 2. Uber die Spezifikation der Furchungzellen, etc. : B. C, XIII., 19-22

SABASCHNIKOFF. M.. -97. Heitrage 7Air Kenntniss der Chromatinreduk- tion in der Ovogenesis von Ascaris : Bull. Sac. Nat ., Mosanu, i. — Sabatiei. A., "90. De la Spermatogdnese chez les Locustides : Coinptes RnuL, CXI.. 90.— Sachs, J.. "82. Vorlesungen liber FHanzen-physiologie : Lcipzii^. — Id. lM)er die Anordnung der Zellen in jungsten Prian/.entheile : Arb. Hot. Inst. U'urchnr^, II.— Id.. "92. Physiologische Notizen. I!.. Beitrage zur Zellentheorie : Flora, 1892. Heft I. — Id., '93. Stoff und Form der Pflanzen-organe : Gcsatnmelte Ahhamiluti^en, II., 1893.— Id., "95. Physiologische Notizen, IX., weitere Hetrachtungen Uber Energiden und Zellen: Flora, LXXXI., 2. — Sala. L., "95. E.xpcrimentelle L'nter- suchungen uber die Reifung und Befruchtung der Y^\kix hit\ Ascaris mej^aloitphala : A. 111. A., XL. — Sargant, Ethel, "95. Some details of the first nuclear Division in the Pollen-mother-cells oi Lilium inartaQ^on: Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc ., 1S95, jjart 3.

— Id., "93. Uber einen neuen Bakterienahnlichen Organismus : Hab. Sclinft, Heidelberg, Winter. — Schiefferdecker and KosseL "91. Die (iewehe des Menschlichen Korpers : BraunscJiiveig. — Schiinper. '85. Untersuchungen uber die Chlorophyllkorper, etc.: Zeitsch. luiss. Bot., X\T. — Schleicher, "W., "78. Die Knorpelzelltheilung. Ein Beitrag zur Lehre der Theilung von Gewebezellen : Centr. nied. IViss. Berlin, 1878. Also A. ni. A., X\T., 1879. — Schleiden. M. J.. '38. Beitrage zur Phytogenesis : M'ullers Arc/iiiu 1838. [Trans, in Syden/iam Soc, XII.: London, 1847.] — Schloter, G., "94. Zur Morphologic der Zelle : A. m. ^.,XLI\^., 2. — Schmitz. "84. Die Chromatophoren der Algen. — Schnei- der, A., '73, Untersuchungen uber Plathelminthen : Jalirb. d. ober/iess. LJes. f. Natur-Heilkunde, XIV\, Giessen. — Schneider. C "91. Untersuchungen uber die Zelle: Arb. Zool. Inst. IVien, IX., 2. — Schottlander. J.. "88. Cber Kern und Zelltheilungsvorgange in dem Endothel der entzundeten Hornhaut : . /. ///. ,-/., XXXI. — Schottlander, P.. "93. Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Zellkerns, t'tc: Colin' s Beitriis^e., W. — Schultze. Max. "61. ('ber .Muskelkorperchen und da'^ was man eine Zelle zu nennen hat: Arch. Anat. P/iys., 1861. — Schultze. O.. 07. Untersuchungen liber die Reifung und Befruchtung des Amphibicn-cics : Z.ic.Z., XLV. — Id., '90. i'ber Zelltheilung : Sitcb. pliys. nied. Ges. ll'tircbnrg. — Id.. '94. Die klinstliche Erzeugung von Doppelbildungen bei F'roschlarvon, <•/<-. : Arc/i. Fntwni., I., 2. — Schwann, Th.. "39. .Mikroscopische L^nter.suchungen liber die i'bereinstimmung in der Structur und dem W'achsthum der Thiere und Pflanzen : Berlin. [Trans, in Sydenham Soc, XII.: London. 1847.] — Schwarz. Fr.. "87. Die Morphologische und chemische Zusammensetzung des Protopl.isnias : Bresiau.

iiber Entwkk., II., Wiesbaden, 1883. — Sertoli, E., "65. Dell' esistenza di parti- colari cellule ramificate dei canaliculi seminiferi del testicolo umano : II Morgagni. — Shaw, "W. R., "98, 1. I'ber die Blepharoplasten bei Onoclea und Marsilia : Ber. D. Bot. Ges., X\'I., y. — 16.., '98. 2. The Fertilization of Onoclea : Ann. Bot., XII., 47. — Siedlecki, M., "95. Uber die Struktur und Kerntheilungsvorgange bei den Leucocyten der Urodelen : Auz. Akad. IV/ss., /Crakau, 1895. — Id., "99. fitude cytologique et cycle evolutif de Adelea : Ann. Inst. Pasteur., XIII. — Sobotta, J., "95. Die Befruchtung und Furchung des Eies der Maus : A. ni. A., XLV. — Id., '97. Die Reifung und Befruchtung des Eies von Amphioxus : Id/d., L. — Solger, B., "91. Die radiaren Strukturen der Zellkorper im Zustand der Ruhe und bei der Kerntheilung: Bert. Klin, irochenschr., XX., 1891. — Spallanzani, 1786. Expe- riences pour servir k I'histoire de la generation des animaux et des plantes : Generia.

— Spitzer, '97. Die Bedeutung gewisser Nucleoproteide flir die oxydative Leistung der Zelle : Ajxh. ges. Phys.^ LXVII. — Stevens. "W. C, '98. tHDer Chromoso- mentheilung bei der Sporenbildung der Fame: Ber. D. Bot. Ges., XVI., 8. — Ste- vens, F. L.. '99. The compound Oosphere of Albugo: Bot. Gas., XXVIII., 3, 4. — Strasburger, E., "75. Zellbildung und Zelltheilung : ist ed., Jena, 1875. — Id., '77. Uber Befruchtung und Zelltheilung: /. Z., XL — Id., '80. Zellbildung und Zelltellung: 3d ed. — Id., "82. Uber den Theilungsvorgang der Zellkerne und das Verhaltniss der Kerntheilung zur Zelltheilung: A. ni. A.., XXI. — Id., '84, 1. Die Controversen der indirecten Zelltheilung: Ibid., XXIII. — Id., "84, 2. Neue Unter- suchungen iiber den Befruchtungsvorgang bei den Phanerogamen, als Grundlage flir eine Theorie der Zeugung : Jena, 1884. — Id., '88. Uber Kern- und Zellteilung im Pflanzenreich, nebst einem Anhang iiber Befruchtung: Jena. — Id., '89. Uber das Wachsthum vegetabilischer Zellhaute : Hist. Bei., \\.,Jena. — Id., '91. Das Proto- plasma und die Reizbarkeit : Rektoratsrede, Bonn, Oct. 18, 1891. Jena, Fischer. — Id., '92. Histologische Beitrage, Heft IV. : Das Verhalten des Pollens und die Befruchtungsvorgange bei den Gymnospermen, Schwarmsporen, pflanzliche Sperma- tozoiden und das Wesen der Befruchtung: Fischer, Jena, 1892. — Id., "93, 1. Uber die Wirkungssphare der Kerne und die Zellengrosse : Hist. Beitr., W — Id., "93, 2. Zu dem jetzigen Stande der Kern- und Zelltheilungsfragen : A. A., VIII., p. 177. — Id., "94. Uber periodische Reduktion der Chromosomenzahl im Entwicklungsgang der Organismen: B. C, XIV. — Id., "95. Karyokinetische Probleme : Jahrb. f. wiss. Botanik, XXVIII., i . — Id., "97, 1. Kerntheilung und Befruchtung bei Fucus : Jahrb. wiss. Bot., XXX.— Id.. '97, 2. Uber Befruchtung: Ibid.—IA., '97, 3. Uber Cytoplasmastrukturen, Kern- und Zelltheilung: Ibid. — Id., "98. Die Pflanz- lichen Zellhaute: Ibid., XXXI. — Strasburger and Mottier, "97. Uber den zweiten Theilungsschritt in Pollenmutterzellen : Ber. D. Bot. Ges., XV., 6. — Van der Stricht, O., '92. Contribution a l"etude de la sphere attractive: A. B., XII., 4- — Id.. "95. 1.

La maturation et la fecondation de I'oeuf d'Amphioxus lanceolatus : Bull. Acad. Roy. Belgiqiie, XXX., 2. — Id.. "95, 2. De I'origine de la figure achro- matique de Tovule en mitose chez le Thysanozoon Brocchi : Verhandl. d. anat. Versamnd. in Strassbiirg, 1895, p. 223. — Id., "95, 3. Contributions a Tetude de la forme, de la structure et de la division du noyau : BiilL Acad. Roy. Sc. Belgiqne, XXIX. — Id.. "98, 1. La formation des globules polaires, etc., chez Thysanozoon: Arch. Biol., XV. — Id., "98. 2. Contribution a Tetude du noyau vitellin de Balbiani : Verh. An. Ges., XII. — Strieker, S.. "71. Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben : Leipzig. — Stuhlmann. Fr., '86. Die Reifung des Arthropodeneies nach Beobach- tungen an Insekten, Spinnen, Alyriopoden und Peripatus : Ber. Naturf. Ges. Frei- burg, 1. — Suzuki, B., '98. Notiz iiber die Entstehung des Mittelstuckes von Sela- chiern: A. A., XV., 8. — Swaen and Masquelin. "83. Etude sur la Spermato- genese: A. B., IV. — Swingle, "W. T., "97. Zur Kenntniss der Kern- und Zellteilungen bei den Sphacelariaceae : /. w. B., XXX.

VEJDOVSKY. F.. *88. Entwickelungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen. Heft I. : Reifung, Befruchtung und Furchung des Rhynchelmis-Eies : Pra^, 1888. Vej- dovsky and Mrazek. "98. Centrosom und Periplast : Sitzber.bdhm. Gcs. ll'iss. — Verworn, M.. "88. Biologische Protisten-studien : Z. a-. Z., XLVI. — Id.. '89. Psychophysiologische Protisten-studien: /eua. — Id., "91. Die phvsiologi>the Bedeutung des Zellkerns : Pfl'i'iger's Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., II.— Id. ,"95. Allge- meine Physiologie : /.?;/^. — Virchow, R., "SS. Cellular-Pathologie : Arch. I\ith. Anat. Phys., VHI., i.— Id., "58. Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begriinduncj auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre : Berlin, 1858. — De Vries. H.. '89. Intracellulare Pangenesis : Jena.

ZACH ARIAS. O., "85. Uber die amoboiden Bewegungen der Spermatozoen von Polyphemus pediculus : Z. w. Z., XLI. — Zacharias, E.. "93. 1. t'ber die chemische Beschaffenheit von Cytoplasma und Zellkern : Ber. deutsch. Bot. Ges., II., 5. — Id.. "93. 2. Uber Chrimatophihe : Lbid., 1893. — Id.. "95. Uber das Verhalten des Zellkerns in wachsenden Zellen : Flora, %i, 1895. — Id.. "94. t^ber Beziehungen des Zellenwachstums zur Beschaffenheit des Zellkerns : Berichte der deutschen botan. Gesellschaft, XII., 5. — Id.. "98. t'ber Nachweis und Vorkommen von Nuclein : Ber. d. Bot. Ges., XVI., 7. — Ziegler. E., "88. Die neuesten Arbeiten liber Vererbung und Abstammungslehre und ihre Bedeutung fur die Pathologic : Beitr. zur path. Anat., IV. — Id., "89. Uber die Ursachen der pathologischen Gewebsneubildungen : /;//. Beitr. zur. iviss. Med. Festschrift, R. Virchow, II. — Id.. "92. Lehrbuch der allgemeinen pathologischen Anatomic und Pathogenese, 7th ed., fena. — Ziegler. H. E.. "87. Die Entstehung des Blutes bei Knochenfischen- embryonen : A. in. A. — Id., '91. Die biologische Bedeutung der amitotischen Kerntheilung im Tierreich : B. C, XI. — Id., "94. Uber das Verhalten der Kerne im Dotter der meroblastischen Wirbelthiere : Ber. N'aturf. Ges. Freiburg, 1894. — Id., '95. Untersuchungen liber die Zelltheilung : I'erhandl. d. deutsch. Zool. Ges., 1895. — ^^-j ^^- Einige Betrachtungen zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Echino- dermen : Verh. d. Zool. Ges. — Id., "98. Experimentelle Studien uber die Zellthei-

Bernard, Clauile, nucleus and cytoplasm. ^41 ; organic synthesis, 431. Brauer, bivalent chromosomes, 82; mitosis in rhizopod, 96; fission of chromatin- granules, 113; deutoplasm, 153; fertiliza- tion in Bra7ichipus, 192; parthenogenesis in Artemia, 281 ; spermatogenesis in Asca- ris, 255; intra-nuclear centrosome, 304. Stentor, 342. Guignard, mitosis in plants, 82; fertilization Keuten, mitosis in Eugirna, 91. Klebahn, conjugation and reduction in des- mills and diatoms, 2S0.

Lauterborn, mitosis in diatoms, 95; origin of centrosome, 315. Lustig and Galeotti, pathological mitoses, 98; centrosome, 51. McMurrich, gasteropod development, 152; metamerism in isopods, 390. Rabl, nuclear polarity, 36; cell-polarity, 56; centrosome in fertilization, 210; individu- ality of chromosomes, 294; astral systems, Schwarz, protoplasm, 42; limn, 33; chemis- try of nucleus, 41 ; nuclei of growing cells, Karyokinesis (see Mitosis), 64. Karyokinetic figure (see Mitotic Figure),

Spermatogenesis (see Reduction), 234; gen- eral outline, parallel with oogenesis, 241. Da Contu PfofesHor cf Zai'i/nr/i/ in ('nh(i,itil,i f'iticer«itu This series is founded upon a course of popular Universitv lectures given during the winter of ISD'^'-o, in connection witli the opening of the new department of Biology in Colunibia College. The lectures are in a measure consecutive in charac- ter, illustrating phases in the discovery and ai>[»lication of tlie theory of Evolution. Thus the tirst course outlined the de- velopment of the Descent theory; the second, the a]>]»licati(>n of this theory to the problem of the ancestry of the Vertebrates, largely based upon embryological data; the third, the applica- tion of the Descent theory to the interpretation of the structure and phylogeny of the Fishes or lowest Vertebrates, cliietly based upon comparative anatomy ; the fourth, u])on the problems of individual development and Inheritance, chiefly based upon the structure and functions of the cell.

Since their original delivery the lectures have been carofully rewritten and illustrated so as to adapt them to the use of (\d- lege and University students and of general readers. The vol- umes as at present arranged for include: lY. The Cell in Development and Iiiiierilance. Uy Edmi^xd B. Wilson. Da Costa Professor of Zoology in Columbia University. 8vo. Cloth. $2.00, net. This opening volume, " From the Greeks to Darwin/' is an outline of the development from the earliest times of the idea of the origin of life by evolution. It brings together in a continu- ous treatment the progress of this idea from the Greek philoso- plier Thales (640 B.C.) to Darwin and Wallace. It is based partly upon critical studies of the original authorities, partly upon the studies of Zeller, Perrier, Quatrefages, Martin, and other writers less known to English readers.

This history differs from the outlines which have been pre- viously published, in attempting to establish a complete conti- nuity of thought in the growth of the various elements in the Evolution idea, and especially in the more critical and exact study of the pre-Darwinian w^riters, such as Buffon, Goethe, Erasmus Darwin, Treviranus, Lamarck, and St. Hilaire, about whose actual share in the establishment of the Evolution theory vague ideas are still current.

I. The Anticipation^ and Interpretation of Nature. II. Among the Greeks. IV. The Evolutionists of the Eighteenth Century. V. From Lamarck to St. Hilaire. VI. The First Half-century and Darwin. In the opening chapter the elements and environment of the Evolution idea are discussed, and in the second chapter the re- markable parallelism between the growth of this idea in Greece and in modern times is pointed out. In the succeeding chap- ters the various periods of European thought on the subject are covered, concluding with the first half of the present century, especially with the development of the Evolution idea in the mind of Darwin.

Tutor in Biology, Columbia Fnirersit;/ : Balfour Student of th* Unirernity of Cambridge. The purpose of this vohime is to consider tlie proV)h^ni of tlie ancestry of the Vertebrates from the stand i)oint of the anat- omy and development of Ampliioxns and other members of the group Protochordata. The work opens with an Introchiction, in which is given a brief historical sketch of the sj)ecii hit ions of the celebrated anatomists and embryologists, from Ktionnc Geoffroy St. Hilaire down to our own day, upon this problem. The remainder of the first and the whole of tlie second cliai»ter is devoted to a detailed account of the anatomy of Ampiiioxus as compared with that of higher Vertebrates. The third chapter deals with the embrvonic and larval development of Am}>hioxu8, while the fourth deals more briefly with the anatomy, embryoloiry, and relationships of the Ascidians; then the other allied forms, Balanoglossus, Cephalodiscus, are described.

The work concludes with a series of di.<cussions touch- ing the problem proposed in the Introduction, in wliich it is attempted to define certain general in-inciplcs of Kvolution by which the descent of the Vertebrates from Invertebrate ancestors may be supposed to have taken i)lacc. The work contains an extensive bibliography, full notes, and 135 illustrations. V. The Protochordata in' Tin:ii: Ixklation t<> the Prorlem or Vkktkhkati: Descent. Instructor in Biology, Columbia University. 8vo. Cloth. $2.50, net.

This work has been prepared to meet the needs of the oren- eral student for a concise knowledge of the Fishes. -It contains a review of the four larger groups of the strictly fishlike fornis, Sharks, Chimaeroids, Teleostomes, and the Dipnoans, and adds to this a chapter on the Lampreys. It presents in figures the prominent members, living and fossil, of each group; illustrates characteristic structures; adds notes upon the important phases of development, and formulates the views of investigators as to relationships and descent.

The recent contributions to the knowledge of extinct Fishes are taken into special account in the treatment of the entire subject, and restorations have been attempted, as of Dinichthys, Ctenodus, and Cladoselache. The writer has also indicated diagrammatically, as far a? generally accepted, the genetid' relationships of fossil and living forms. The aim of the book has been mainlv to furnish the student with a well-marked ground-plan of Ichthyology, to enable him to better understand special works, such as those of Smith Wood- ward and Giinther. The work is fullv illustrated, mainlv from the writer's original pen-drawings.

I. Fishes. Their Esseniial Characters. Siiarks, Chimaeroids, Teleo- stomes, aud Lung-tishes. Their Appearance iu Time and their Distribution. II. The Lampreys. Their Position with Reference to Fishes. Bdel- lostoma, jVIyxine, Petromyzon, Palaeospondylus. IIL The Shakk Group. Anatomical Cluiracters. Its E.xtiuct 3Iembers, AcaLthodiau, Cladoselachid, Xeuacauthid, Cestraciouts. IV. Chimaer<jids. Structures of Callorhynchus and Chimaeia. Squalo- raja aud Myriacantlius. Life-habits and Probable Relationships.

V. Teleostomes. The Forms of Recent " Ganoids." Habits and Dis- tribution. The Relations of Prominent Extinct Foi-ms. Crosso- pterygians. Typical " Bony Fishes. " VI. The Evolution of the Groups of Fishes. Aquatic Metnraerism. Numerical Lines. Evolution of Gill-cleft Characters, Paired and Unpaired Fins, Aquatic Sense-organs. VII. The Development of Fishes. Prominent Features iu Embr3'onic and Larval Development of jMwmbers of each Group. Summaries.

"I shall try to show that life is response to the order of nature; in fact, this thesis is the text of most of the lectures: but if it he admitted, it follows thai biology is the study of response, and that the study of that order of nature to which response is made is as well within its province as the study of the livmg or- ganism which responds, for all the knowledge we can get of both these aspects of nature is needed as a preparation for the study of that relation between them which constitutes life. Our interest in all branches gf science is vital interest. It is only as living things that we care to know. Life is that which, when joined to mind, is knowledge, — knowledge in use; and we may be sure that all living thmgs with minds like ours are conscious of some part of the order of nature, for the response in which life consists is response to this order. The statement that physical phenomena are natural seems to mean little, but the phenomena of life arc so wonderful that many hesitate, even at the present day, to believe that nature can be such a wonderful thing as it must be if the actions of all living things are natural; and, as I shall try to find out in this course of lectures what we mean by the asser- tion that living nature is natural, I shall now attempt, by a few illustrations, to give a broad outline of some of the most notable features of the nature of living things."

Naturalist. Nature and Nurture. Lamarck. Migration in its Bearing on (II) An Inherent Error in the Views of Galton and Weis- mann on Inheritance. VIII. Darwin and the Origin 01 Species. IX. Natural Selection and the An- tiquity of Life. X. Natural Selection an.l N.itur.il Contrivance. XII. The Mechanism of Nature. XIII. Louis Agassiz and George Berke- ley.