Minds of small things  ·  Article

Stimulus summation and filtering of accidental touch in the sundew

Darwin's Insectivorous Plants (1875) lists inflection of the exterior tentacles as a response to glands excited by repeated touches, and records that falling drops of water do not cause it1. Bose (1906, 1928) describes accidental contacts triggering responses in another plant, Biophytum45.

Earliest held
1875, Darwin, C.
Most discussed in
Insectivorous Plants, 1875
In the library
22 passages in 5 works
Rewritten
2026-11-07
01

Darwin's chapter headings

Darwin's contents for pages 19-37 list these topics. One heading names the inflection of the exterior tentacles when their glands are excited by repeated touches. The same heading ends with the statement that falling drops of water do not cause inflection1. The headings give no number of touches.

02

Touch and objects left in contact

Darwin's contents list sets repeated touches beside a second route to inflection. This is the action of objects left in contact with the glands of the disc2. He also distinguishes bodies that yield soluble nitrogenous matter from bodies that do not3. The headings further cover the periods of commencing inflection and of subsequent re-expansion, the extreme minuteness of the particles that cause inflection, and action under water2. Darwin's contents list treats these as separate topics.

03

Accidental contact in Biophytum

In Plant Response (1906) he wrote that a plant in the open can become so sensitive that the original stimulus is hard to locate. A puff of wind, a small insect, or the accidental grazing of an adjacent blade of grass might have started the impulse. He added that this was enough to set all the leaflets quivering4. In The Motor Mechanism of Plants (1928) he repeated the same examples, now with the accidental touch of a blade of grass5. Here accidental contact is not filtered out. It is amplified.

04

Storage of stimulation

Bose (1928) tied the persistence of pulsatory activity after stimulation stops to the capacity of the tissue for storage. He said some tissues store little and the after-effect is short, while others store much and the activity lasts a long time6. This is a general account of stored stimulation.

SourcesEach quotation was checked word for word against the passage it opens.
  1. Inflection of the exterior tentacles when their glands are excited by repeated touches — Falling drops of water do not cause inflection.Darwin, C., 1875 · Insectivorous Plants · open at passage 48
  2. Periods of commencing inflection and of subsequent re- expansion — Extreme minuteness of the particles causing inflection — Action under waterDarwin, C., 1875 · Insectivorous Plants · open at passage 48
  3. Difference in the action of bodies yield- ing and not yielding soluble nitrogenous matterDarwin, C., 1875 · Insectivorous Plants · open at passage 0
  4. the accidental grazing of an adjacent blade of grass, may have been the original source of the impulse. But this is enough to set all the leaflets of the plant quiveringBose, J. C., 1906 · Plant Response as a Means of Physiological Investigation · open at passage 713
  5. a particular leaflet of Biophytum may have been moved by a puff of wind, or by the alighting of a small insect, or by the accidental touch of an adjacent blade of grass.Bose, J. C., 1928 · The Motor Mechanism of Plants · open at passage 515
  6. The persistence of pulsatory activity after the cessation of external stimulation depends on the capacity for storage.Bose, J. C., 1928 · The Motor Mechanism of Plants · open at passage 515
Linked ideas
Covers the threshold and repeated-touch question in more detail; this article only reports Darwin's headings on repeated touches.
Concerns the inflection movement of the tentacles that follows the stimuli discussed here.
Deals with how response size depends on stimulus strength, which bears on why repeated touches differ from one.
Treats the secretion and digestion that follow stimulation of the glands by nitrogenous matter.
Concerns combining several stimuli into one behaviour, as Bose describes for wind, insects and touch acting jointly.
Relevant to Bose's point that stored effects of stimulation persist after the stimulus ends.
Where it is discussedPassages matching single touch not causing inflection, repeated touches, needle touched several times, re-expansion of tentacles
1875Insectivorous Plants · Darwin, C.12
1881The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms · Darwin, C.5
1912The Life of the Plant · Timiriazeff, C. A.3
1906Plant Response as a Means of Physiological Investigation · Bose, J. C.1
1928The Motor Mechanism of Plants · Bose, J. C.1